Ruboxistaurin is primarily investigated for its potential therapeutic applications in treating diabetic complications, particularly diabetic retinopathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. It functions as a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C beta (PKC-β), which plays a significant role in the progression of vascular and neural damage caused by chronic high blood sugar levels. By inhibiting PKC-β, it aims to reduce vascular leakage, inflammation, and cellular damage in the retina and nerves, thereby slowing the progression of these complications. Clinical studies have explored its efficacy in improving visual outcomes and alleviating symptoms of nerve damage in diabetic patients. However, its use remains under research and has not been widely approved for clinical application.