Atractylenolide II is primarily studied for its potential therapeutic applications in traditional and modern medicine, including its use in traditional Chinese medicine as part of herbal formulations to nourish the spleen and balance the body. It exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, making it a candidate for treating inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and colitis. Additionally, its anti-cancer effects are being explored, particularly in inhibiting tumor growth, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, and showing activity against types like lung and colorectal cancer. Research also highlights its role in improving gastrointestinal health by modulating gut microbiota and reducing intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, it shows promise in neuroprotection, potentially aiding in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease. Its antioxidant properties contribute to its overall protective effects against oxidative stress-related conditions.