Plumbagin is widely studied for its diverse biological activities and potential therapeutic applications. It exhibits strong anti-cancer properties by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation in various cancer cell lines, including breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. Its ability to modulate key signaling pathways such as NF-κB and PI3K/AKT makes it a promising candidate for cancer drug development. It also shows significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, useful in managing chronic inflammatory diseases and oxidative stress-related conditions. Plumbagin has antimicrobial activity against a range of pathogens, including bacteria and fungi, supporting its use in treating infections, particularly those involving drug-resistant strains. In addition, plumbagin has been explored for its neuroprotective potential, with studies suggesting benefits in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease due to its ability to reduce neuroinflammation and prevent amyloid-beta aggregation. It is also used in agricultural research for its allelopathic properties, influencing seed germination and plant growth, which can be leveraged in natural weed control strategies.