Oenothein B is a naturally occurring macrocyclic ellagitannin with notable biological activities. It is primarily studied for its potent antioxidant properties, helping to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in biological systems. This compound exhibits strong anti-inflammatory effects by modulating key inflammatory pathways, making it of interest in the development of treatments for chronic inflammatory conditions.

It has demonstrated anticancer potential in various in vitro studies, where it induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in certain cancer cell lines. Its ability to interact with proteins and enzymes also contributes to its antimicrobial and antiviral activities, showing promise in combating pathogenic microorganisms.

Oenothein B is found in several medicinal plants, such as those in the Onagraceae family, and is considered a key active ingredient in traditional herbal remedies used for treating urinary tract disorders and prostate health. Due to its multifunctional bioactivity, it is being explored as a lead compound in nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals aimed at promoting cellular health and preventing disease.