Mitraphylline is primarily researched for its potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. It has been studied for its ability to influence immune system activity, making it of interest in the context of autoimmune conditions and chronic inflammation. Some studies suggest it may help reduce the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which play a role in diseases like arthritis and other inflammatory disorders.

It is also being explored for its possible antihypertensive properties, as early research indicates it may help relax blood vessels and support cardiovascular health. Additionally, mitraphylline has shown mild sedative and muscle-relaxant effects in preclinical models, which could contribute to its traditional use in managing anxiety and promoting relaxation.

Due to its presence in certain medicinal plants like Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw), it is found in herbal supplements aimed at supporting immune function and reducing inflammation, though clinical evidence in humans remains limited.