Monotropein is a natural iridoid glycoside widely studied for its multifaceted biological activities, particularly its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It inhibits key inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK, and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6, making it valuable for therapeutic agents against chronic inflammatory diseases including arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, and gastritis.

Its antioxidant effects help protect cells from oxidative stress and free radical damage, supporting applications in anti-aging, cardiovascular health prevention, and reducing overall oxidative damage.

Research highlights neuroprotective potential, suggesting uses in treating neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, monotropein exhibits antidiabetic activity by improving insulin sensitivity and protecting pancreatic β-cells.

Monotropein also demonstrates antimicrobial activity against certain bacteria, enabling its development as an active ingredient in health products, cosmetics for infection control, and acne treatment.

Overall, its ability to modulate immune responses positions monotropein as a promising compound in herbal medicine, functional drug design, and natural product industries focused on inflammation reduction and cellular protection.