Indirubin is primarily known for its biological activity, especially in the field of medicine. It has been studied extensively for its potential as an anticancer agent due to its ability to inhibit cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), which play key roles in cell cycle regulation and signal transduction. This makes it a candidate for targeting proliferative diseases such as leukemia and other cancers. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, suggesting potential use in treating neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease. Research indicates indirubin and its derivatives may reduce the accumulation of abnormal proteins in the brain linked to neurodegeneration. Additionally, indirubin is used in traditional medicine formulations, particularly in Chinese herbal preparations like Danggui Longhui Wan, which has been used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia. Ongoing studies are exploring structural analogs of indirubin to improve solubility, bioavailability, and target specificity for therapeutic development.