β-Elemene is widely used in cancer therapy due to its antitumor properties. It has shown effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of various cancer cells, including lung, brain, and ovarian cancers. It is commonly administered as an intravenous emulsion in clinical settings, especially in China, to support chemotherapy. Its ability to induce apoptosis and suppress tumor cell proliferation makes it valuable in adjunctive cancer treatment. Additionally, β-Elemene exhibits low toxicity and helps reduce side effects associated with conventional chemotherapy. It is also being studied for its potential to overcome drug resistance in cancer cells. Beyond oncology, it has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, suggesting possible applications in treating neurological disorders.