Used in traditional medicine for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, particularly in treating chronic pain conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and neuralgia. It acts on the central nervous system to modulate pain signals and is often formulated in low-dose oral preparations. Due to its narrow therapeutic window, careful dosing is required to minimize neurotoxic and cardiotoxic effects. Also investigated for potential in managing neuropathic pain and as an adjuvant in pain therapy.