Used in organic synthesis as a building block for biobased chemicals and polymers due to its three carboxylic acid groups and reactive double bond. Serves as an intermediate in the production of citric acid and itaconic acid in microbial metabolic pathways. Investigated for use in environmentally friendly plasticizers and resins. Also studied for its role in soil chemistry, where it can influence nutrient availability by chelating metal ions. Shows potential in pharmaceutical research for antimicrobial and enzyme inhibition properties.