Crotaline is primarily used in medical research, particularly in the study of its effects on cellular processes. It has been investigated for its potential to induce apoptosis in certain cancer cells, making it a subject of interest in oncology research. Additionally, crotaline is studied for its role in understanding the mechanisms of snake venom toxicity, which aids in the development of antivenom treatments. In pharmacology, it serves as a tool for exploring the interactions between toxins and biological systems, contributing to advancements in drug development and therapeutic strategies.