Polyphyllin B is primarily utilized in the field of medical research due to its potent anticancer properties. It has been extensively studied for its ability to inhibit the growth of various cancer cells, including lung, liver, and breast cancer. The compound works by inducing apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in cancer cells, thereby preventing their proliferation. Additionally, Polyphyllin B has shown promise in enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs, making it a potential candidate for combination therapy in cancer treatment. Beyond its anticancer effects, it also exhibits anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities, which could be beneficial in treating infections, inflammatory conditions, and oxidative stress-related diseases. Research is ongoing to explore its full therapeutic potential and to develop it into a viable treatment option.