Purpurin is a natural anthraquinone dye derived from the madder plant, widely used in the textile industry for coloring fabrics such as wool, silk, and cotton, imparting a vibrant red hue and supporting eco-friendly dyeing processes. In histology, it acts as a staining agent to differentiate calcium deposits and other structures in biological tissues for microscopic examination. Its photophysical properties have led to applications in organic semiconductors and optoelectronic devices. Additionally, purpurin exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, finding use in cosmetics for skin care products. In biomedical research, it shows potential anticancer properties and is explored for pharmaceutical development, including treatments for inflammation-related conditions like arthritis.