Triptolide is primarily researched for its potential therapeutic applications due to its anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and anti-cancer properties. In traditional Chinese medicine, it has been used to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. Its ability to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines makes it a promising candidate for managing chronic inflammatory conditions.

In cancer research, triptolide has shown efficacy in inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the proliferation of various cancer cell lines, including those of pancreatic, breast, and prostate cancers. It works by targeting multiple signaling pathways, making it a versatile agent in oncology studies.

Additionally, triptolide is being explored for its neuroprotective effects, particularly in conditions like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where it may help reduce neuronal damage and inflammation.

Despite its potential, the clinical use of triptolide is limited by its toxicity, particularly hepatotoxicity. Ongoing research aims to develop derivatives or delivery methods that can enhance its therapeutic index while minimizing adverse effects.