Widely used in the pulp and paper industry, this chemical enhances the production of wood pulp through the kraft pulping process, improving yield and reducing energy consumption. It acts as a catalyst that helps break down lignin more efficiently, allowing for better cellulose fiber separation.

In dye manufacturing, it serves as a key precursor for producing a range of vat dyes and disperse dyes, especially for cotton, wool, and synthetic fibers, offering strong colorfastness and vibrant shades.

It is also employed in the production of hydrogen peroxide via the anthraquinone process, where it undergoes cyclic hydrogenation and oxidation to generate high-purity hydrogen peroxide used in environmental, chemical, and industrial applications.

Additionally, derivatives are explored in pharmaceuticals for their laxative effects and potential anticancer properties, though such uses are limited to specific medical formulations. Emerging research also investigates its use in energy storage systems, such as flow batteries, for renewable energy applications.