Used in the fabrication of perovskite solar cells as a precursor for surface passivation and grain boundary modification. Enhances device efficiency by reducing non-radiative recombination and improving charge carrier lifetime. Also employed in the development of stable, high-performance optoelectronic devices due to its ability to form low-dimensional perovskite structures. Shows promise in improving moisture resistance and thermal stability of perovskite films, contributing to longer device lifespans.