Used as a photosensitizer in artificial photosynthesis systems, this compound facilitates light-driven water splitting to produce oxygen and hydrogen. Its strong visible light absorption and long-lived excited state make it effective in photocatalytic reactions. Commonly applied in research on renewable energy conversion, particularly in dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs). Also explored in photocatalytic CO2 reduction to generate solar fuels. Stable under prolonged irradiation, allowing sustained catalytic activity in aqueous environments.