Used as a bifunctional linker molecule in surface modification, enabling strong binding to metal oxides and semiconductors through its dual phosphonic acid groups. Commonly applied in the fabrication of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) for electronic devices, sensors, and corrosion-resistant coatings. Its long aliphatic chain provides electrical insulation and enhances molecular ordering on surfaces. Also utilized in photovoltaic cells to improve interface stability and charge selectivity by modifying electrode surfaces. Shows promise in biofunctionalization due to its stable anchoring capability on oxide substrates.