Used as a highly effective scale inhibitor in industrial water treatment systems, particularly in cooling towers and boilers. It prevents the formation of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and other mineral scales by dispersing crystal nuclei and keeping them suspended in water. Exhibits strong chelating properties, enhancing its ability to bind metal ions and inhibit precipitation even at low concentrations. Also employed in detergents and cleaning formulations to improve performance in hard water by preventing scale buildup on surfaces and equipment. Shows good thermal and hydrolytic stability, making it suitable for high-temperature applications. Compatible with other water treatment chemicals, allowing its use in multifunctional treatment programs.