Cardiolipin (E. coli) (sodium salt) is widely used in biochemical and biomedical research due to its role in mitochondrial function and membrane stability. It is essential for studying the structure and function of mitochondrial membranes, as it plays a critical role in maintaining membrane integrity and energy production. Researchers utilize it to investigate apoptosis, as cardiolipin is involved in the release of cytochrome c during programmed cell death. It is also employed in the development of model membranes to mimic mitochondrial environments for studying membrane-associated proteins and enzymes. Additionally, cardiolipin is used in studies related to bacterial membranes, particularly in understanding the biophysical properties of E. coli membranes. Its application extends to vaccine development, where it serves as an antigen in the study of autoimmune diseases like antiphospholipid syndrome.