Rilapladib is primarily investigated for its potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease. It functions as an inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), an enzyme implicated in the inflammatory processes associated with the progression of Alzheimer's. By targeting Lp-PLA2, Rilapladib aims to reduce neuroinflammation and amyloid plaque formation, which are key contributors to cognitive decline. Clinical trials have explored its efficacy in slowing disease progression and improving cognitive function in patients. However, research is ongoing to fully establish its safety and effectiveness as a treatment option.