(S)-()-Rolipram is primarily used in research settings as a selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor. Its application is significant in studying inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and rheumatoid arthritis, due to its ability to reduce inflammation by increasing intracellular cyclic AMP levels. Additionally, it is explored for its potential neuroprotective effects in conditions like depression, multiple sclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Researchers also utilize it to investigate its role in modulating immune responses and its impact on cognitive functions, making it a valuable tool in both pharmacological and neurological studies.