Used primarily in the treatment of asthma and post-stroke dizziness in some countries, ibudilast acts as a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, particularly targeting PDE4 and PDE10. This activity leads to reduced inflammation and relaxation of airway smooth muscles, making it beneficial in managing chronic asthma. It also shows neuroprotective properties by suppressing glial cell activation and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system. Due to this, it is being investigated for use in neurodegenerative conditions such as multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and neuropathic pain. Additionally, research explores its potential in treating drug addiction, especially methamphetamine and opioid dependence, by modulating neuroinflammatory pathways and dopamine signaling. Its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier enhances its suitability for central nervous system-targeted therapies.