Widely used as a tridentate ligand in coordination chemistry, enabling the formation of stable metal complexes with transition metals such as palladium, platinum, and rhodium. Its three phosphine donor sites allow for chelation, which enhances catalytic activity and selectivity in various homogeneous catalytic reactions. Commonly employed in hydrogenation, hydroformylation, and cross-coupling reactions, it helps improve catalyst efficiency and stability. Also utilized in the synthesis of organometallic frameworks for research in catalysis and material science. Its rigid backbone supports well-defined geometries in metal complexes, making it valuable in mechanistic studies and the design of novel catalysts.