Used as a highly effective ligand in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, particularly in Suzuki-Miyaura and Buchwald-Hartwig aminations. Its steric bulk and electron-deficient phosphine groups enhance catalyst stability and reactivity, enabling coupling of sterically hindered substrates and electron-poor aryl halides. Commonly applied in pharmaceutical synthesis where high selectivity and functional group tolerance are required. Also employed in materials science for constructing conjugated organic frameworks and OLED precursors due to its ability to facilitate C–C and C–N bond formation under mild conditions.