Used as a catalyst in organic synthesis reactions, particularly in esterification and dehydration processes. Employed in the production of specialty glasses and ceramics due to its thermal stability and resistance to devitrification. Acts as a flame retardant additive in polymers and coatings, enhancing fire resistance without releasing toxic halogens. Utilized in dental cements and restorative materials for its biocompatibility and mechanical strength. Also found in some solid-state electrolytes for high-temperature batteries, contributing to ionic conductivity and structural integrity.