PTP1B-IN-2 is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), an enzyme involved in the negative regulation of insulin and leptin signaling pathways. Due to this role, it has significant potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. By inhibiting PTP1B, PTP1B-IN-2 enhances insulin sensitivity and improves glucose uptake in target tissues, making it a valuable tool in metabolic disease research. It is widely used in preclinical studies to investigate insulin signaling pathways and to evaluate the therapeutic effects of PTP1B inhibition. Additionally, PTP1B-IN-2 has shown promise in cancer research, as PTP1B is implicated in the regulation of certain oncogenic tyrosine kinases, including HER2 and EGFR. This makes the compound useful for studying tumor growth and signaling in breast and other cancers. Its selectivity over other phosphatases reduces off-target effects, which supports its use as a pharmacological probe in cellular and animal models. Researchers also utilize PTP1B-IN-2 to validate PTP1B as a drug target and to develop structure-activity relationships for next-generation inhibitors.