VO-Ohpic trihydrate is primarily utilized in biomedical research, particularly in the study of diabetes and insulin signaling pathways. It functions as a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), an enzyme that negatively regulates insulin and leptin signaling. By inhibiting PTP1B, it enhances insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, making it a valuable tool in understanding and potentially treating type 2 diabetes and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Additionally, its application extends to investigating cellular mechanisms involved in cancer, as PTP1B is also implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. Researchers use it to explore therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.