Tautomycin is primarily used in biochemical research as a potent and selective inhibitor of protein phosphatases, particularly type 1 (PP1) and type 2A (PP2A). Its ability to inhibit these enzymes makes it a valuable tool for studying cellular signaling pathways, as protein phosphatases play a critical role in regulating various cellular processes, including cell division, metabolism, and signal transduction. Researchers utilize tautomycin to investigate the effects of phosphatase inhibition on cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and other physiological functions. Additionally, it has been employed in studies exploring the mechanisms of cancer development, as dysregulation of protein phosphatases is often linked to tumorigenesis. Its specificity and potency make it a key compound in understanding phosphatase-related biological processes.