Bleomycin sulfate is primarily used in the treatment of various cancers, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, testicular cancer, and certain types of squamous cell carcinomas. It works by causing breaks in the DNA strands of cancer cells, which inhibits their ability to divide and proliferate. This chemotherapeutic agent is often administered intravenously or intramuscularly and is sometimes used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs to enhance its effectiveness. Additionally, bleomycin sulfate is utilized in pleurodesis, a procedure to prevent the recurrence of pleural effusions by inducing adhesion between the pleural layers. Its application in cancer therapy is carefully monitored due to potential side effects, particularly pulmonary toxicity, which can lead to lung fibrosis.