Doxapram hydrochloride monohydrate is primarily used as a respiratory stimulant in medical settings. It is administered to patients experiencing respiratory depression, often as a result of anesthesia, drug overdose, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The compound works by stimulating the brain's respiratory centers, leading to increased breathing rate and improved oxygen levels in the blood. It is also used in neonatal care to treat apnea in premature infants, helping to stabilize their breathing patterns. Additionally, it may be employed in emergency situations to counteract the effects of central nervous system depressants, providing a temporary solution until further medical interventions can be implemented. Its rapid onset of action makes it a valuable tool in critical care and emergency medicine.