Mildronate dihydrate is widely used in the medical field to treat cardiovascular conditions, particularly those related to ischemia. It helps improve blood flow and oxygen supply to tissues, making it effective in managing angina, heart failure, and chronic heart conditions. Additionally, it is used to enhance physical and mental performance, especially in cases of fatigue or overexertion. In sports medicine, it has been employed to support recovery and endurance, though its use in competitive sports is regulated due to potential performance-enhancing effects. It is also studied for its potential benefits in neurological disorders, such as improving cognitive function and reducing symptoms of brain ischemia.