Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a potent bioactive lipid mediator derived from arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase pathway. It plays a critical role in reproductive medicine, where it is used to induce labor by ripening the cervix and stimulating uterine contractions, facilitating childbirth in cases requiring induction. PGE2 is also effective in managing postpartum hemorrhage through its uterotonic effects, which promote strong contractions to minimize blood loss. In research applications, PGE2 is extensively utilized to investigate inflammatory responses, pain signaling, fever regulation, and immune modulation, as it acts as a key proinflammatory mediator. Furthermore, PGE2 demonstrates gastrointestinal cytoprotective properties, aiding in the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcers by enhancing mucosal defense mechanisms, inhibiting acid secretion, and promoting epithelial repair. Note: While PGE2 analogs are used in ophthalmology for glaucoma, direct application of PGE2 for this purpose is not standard clinical practice.