Aristolochic acid is primarily known for its use in traditional medicine, particularly in Chinese herbal remedies, where it has been historically employed for its anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties. It has been used to treat conditions such as arthritis, gout, and certain skin disorders. However, its application has significantly declined due to its severe toxic effects, including nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity, which have led to its ban in many countries. In research, aristolochic acid is studied for its mechanisms of toxicity and its role in causing aristolochic acid nephropathy and urothelial cancer, providing insights into the molecular pathways of toxin-induced diseases. Despite its historical use, its current application is largely restricted to scientific studies aimed at understanding its harmful effects and developing safer alternatives.