Eflornithine Hydrochloride Monohydrate is primarily used in medical applications, particularly in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness. It works by inhibiting ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme essential for the growth and replication of the parasite Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. This makes it a critical component in managing the second stage of the disease, which affects the central nervous system. Additionally, it is used topically to reduce unwanted facial hair in women by slowing hair growth through the same enzyme inhibition mechanism. Its dual application in both systemic and dermatological treatments highlights its versatility in addressing parasitic infections and cosmetic concerns.