Silicon nitride is widely used in high-performance engineering applications due to its exceptional thermal stability, resistance to thermal shock, and mechanical strength at elevated temperatures. It is commonly employed in ceramic bearings, especially in high-speed and high-temperature environments where steel bearings would fail. Its low thermal expansion and high hardness make it ideal for cutting tools, enabling efficient machining of hard metals with longer tool life. In the automotive and aerospace industries, silicon nitride components are used in turbochargers, gas turbines, and engine parts to reduce weight, improve fuel efficiency, and withstand extreme operating conditions. It is also used in the electronics industry as a passivation and insulation layer in microchips due to its excellent electrical insulating properties and ability to act as a diffusion barrier. Additionally, silicon nitride finds use in biomedical applications, such as spinal implants, where its biocompatibility, wear resistance, and fracture toughness offer advantages over traditional materials. Its durability and resistance to corrosion also make it suitable for components in industrial pumps and valves exposed to harsh environments.