Parthenolide is primarily known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, making it a compound of interest in pharmaceutical research. It is widely studied for its ability to inhibit NF-κB, a protein complex involved in immune response and inflammation, which contributes to its potential in treating chronic inflammatory diseases. In oncology, parthenolide shows promise in targeting cancer stem cells, particularly in leukemia and certain solid tumors, by inducing apoptosis and preventing tumor recurrence. It also exhibits anti-migraine effects, historically supporting its use in traditional remedies for migraine prevention. Additionally, research explores its neuroprotective and anti-arthritic applications due to its modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways.