Catalpol is primarily studied for its neuroprotective effects, making it a compound of interest in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s. It helps reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in brain tissues, supporting neuronal survival and function. Research also shows catalpol may enhance cognitive performance by promoting synaptic plasticity and improving memory in animal models. It exhibits anti-diabetic properties by helping regulate blood glucose levels and improving insulin sensitivity. This makes it a potential candidate for managing type 2 diabetes, especially in supporting pancreatic beta-cell function. Catalpol has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities that are beneficial in protecting organs like the liver and kidneys from damage caused by toxins or chronic disease. It has been investigated in models of liver fibrosis and diabetic nephropathy for its ability to slow disease progression. Additionally, catalpol shows promise in cardiovascular protection by reducing myocardial injury after ischemia and helping control hypertension through modulation of vascular tone and endothelial function. Most of the current applications are based on preclinical studies, and further research is needed to evaluate its efficacy and safety in humans.