Catalpol is widely studied for its neuroprotective effects, particularly in models of brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. It helps reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in neural tissues, supporting neuron survival and function. It has also shown potential in improving cognitive performance in animal studies by enhancing synaptic plasticity and promoting the growth of nerve cells. In diabetes research, catalpol demonstrates hypoglycemic activity by improving insulin sensitivity and protecting pancreatic beta cells from damage caused by high glucose levels. It also supports liver and kidney health in diabetic conditions by reducing oxidative damage and inhibiting fibrosis. Additionally, catalpol exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that are beneficial in cardiovascular diseases. It helps protect heart tissue from ischemia-reperfusion injury and may reduce the risk of atherosclerosis by modulating lipid peroxidation and inflammatory markers. Due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, catalpol is considered a promising candidate for developing natural product-based therapies for neurological and metabolic disorders.