Chelerythrine chloride is primarily used in research settings due to its potent biological activity. It acts as a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), making it a valuable tool in studying signal transduction pathways involved in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Because of this inhibitory effect, it is widely used in cellular and molecular biology experiments to probe the role of PKC in various physiological and pathological processes. It exhibits antimicrobial properties and has been studied for its potential in controlling bacterial and fungal infections, particularly in traditional medicine formulations. Additionally, it shows anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects, leading to interest in its use as a lead compound in cancer research. Studies have explored its ability to induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines, including those of leukemia, liver, and breast cancers. Chelerythrine chloride also demonstrates activity against certain parasites and has been investigated for use in treating parasitic infections. However, its application is mostly limited to laboratory research due to its toxicity and narrow therapeutic window. It serves as a chemical probe rather than a therapeutic agent in clinical medicine.