Used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in cancer treatment, particularly in liposomal formulations to enhance solubility and tumor targeting. It shows potent antitumor activity by inhibiting topoisomerase I, leading to DNA damage in rapidly dividing cancer cells. Commonly employed in therapies for colorectal, lung, and ovarian cancers. Its liposomal encapsulation improves pharmacokinetics and reduces systemic toxicity, allowing for more effective dosing in clinical settings.