2-Chloroadenine is primarily used in the synthesis of nucleoside analogs, which are crucial in the development of antiviral and anticancer drugs. It serves as a key intermediate in the production of compounds like cladribine and clofarabine, which are used in the treatment of certain types of leukemia and other hematologic malignancies. Additionally, it is employed in research to study the biochemical pathways and mechanisms of nucleotide metabolism, aiding in the discovery of new therapeutic agents. Its role in modifying nucleic acids also makes it valuable in molecular biology for probing genetic structures and functions.