2,3-Butanedithiol is primarily used in organic synthesis as a building block for creating complex molecules. Its dual thiol groups make it a valuable reagent for forming sulfur-containing compounds, which are often utilized in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals. Additionally, it serves as a ligand in coordination chemistry, where it can bind to metal centers to form stable complexes for catalytic applications. In material science, it is employed in the modification of surfaces, particularly in the creation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold or other metals, which are useful in nanotechnology and sensor development. Its strong odor also makes it a candidate for use in odorant formulations, particularly in gas leak detection systems.