Toltrazuril is primarily used as an antiprotozoal agent in veterinary medicine. It is highly effective against coccidiosis, a parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Eimeria, which commonly affects poultry, cattle, sheep, and rabbits. The compound works by inhibiting the development and replication of coccidian parasites at various stages, including sporozoites and merozoites, making it effective in both treating active infections and preventing disease progression.

It is commonly administered in feed or drinking water, especially in intensive farming systems where coccidiosis outbreaks can lead to significant economic losses due to reduced growth rates, poor feed conversion, and high mortality. Toltrazuril is valued for its broad-spectrum activity, high efficacy at low doses, and ability to reduce oocyst shedding, which helps control the spread of infection within herds or flocks.

In addition to food-producing animals, toltrazuril is also used in companion animals such as dogs and cats, particularly for treating infections caused by Isospora. Its use supports improved animal health, welfare, and productivity in both commercial and private settings.