Ethalfluralin is primarily used as a pre-emergent herbicide in agriculture. It effectively controls annual grasses and certain broadleaf weeds in a variety of crops, including cereals, soybeans, cotton, and sunflowers. The chemical works by inhibiting root and shoot development in germinating weed seeds, thereby preventing weed establishment.

It is commonly applied to soil before weeds emerge, making it a key tool in early-season weed management. Due to its soil-binding properties, ethalfluralin has low leaching potential, which helps minimize environmental impact on groundwater. It is often used in integrated weed control programs, especially where resistance to other herbicides has developed.

Ethalfluralin is valued for its residual activity, providing extended control over several weeks after application. It is typically applied using ground spray equipment and is compatible with many other agrochemicals, allowing for tank mixing with other herbicides or pesticides to broaden the spectrum of weed and pest control.