1,2-Dibromoethane is primarily used as a fumigant in agriculture to control pests in soil and stored grains. It effectively eliminates nematodes, insects, and other organisms that can damage crops. In the past, it was also utilized as a lead scavenger in leaded gasoline to prevent engine knocking, though this application has declined due to environmental and health concerns. Additionally, it serves as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of other organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals and dyes. Its use is strictly regulated due to its toxic and potentially carcinogenic properties, requiring careful handling and adherence to safety protocols.