Used as a highly efficient catalyst in cross-coupling reactions, particularly in aqueous environments. Its water solubility makes it ideal for green chemistry applications where organic solvents are minimized. Commonly employed in Suzuki-Miyaura and Heck reactions for forming carbon-carbon bonds in pharmaceutical synthesis and fine chemical production. The sulfonate groups enhance stability and solubility, allowing for easy separation and recycling in industrial processes. Also suitable for catalyzing reactions under mild conditions, improving yield and reducing byproducts.