Widely used as a highly efficient catalyst in cross-coupling reactions, particularly in Buchwald–Hartwig amination and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. It enables the formation of carbon–nitrogen and carbon–carbon bonds under mild conditions with excellent yields, even with sterically hindered or electron-deficient substrates. Its robust structure allows for low catalyst loadings, often below 0.5 mol%, making it suitable for pharmaceutical synthesis where purity and efficiency are critical. Commonly applied in the preparation of complex amines, biaryl compounds, and functionalized heterocycles used in drug discovery and materials science. Shows high functional group tolerance and stability toward air and moisture, facilitating easier handling in industrial settings.