Widely used as a heterogeneous catalyst in organic synthesis, especially in hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. It is effective in reducing alkenes, alkynes, nitro groups, and carbonyls under mild conditions. Commonly employed in cross-coupling reactions such as Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira couplings, where it facilitates carbon-carbon bond formation. Its support on activated carbon provides high surface area and stability, allowing for efficient recovery and reuse in industrial processes. Also used in pharmaceutical manufacturing for selective transformations and in fine chemical production due to its reliability and activity at low metal loadings.