Used as a highly efficient catalyst in cross-coupling reactions, particularly in C–C and C–N bond formations. It enables reactions under mild conditions with high yields, even with sterically hindered substrates. Commonly applied in pharmaceutical synthesis and materials science for constructing complex organic molecules. Shows excellent stability and activity in Suzuki, Heck, and Buchwald–Hartwig aminations. The triflate counterions enhance solubility in polar solvents, improving catalytic performance in homogeneous systems.